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Java-Gui学习笔记
晚安 / 2020-09-05 / / 阅读量 267

Java-Gui

1、AWT

1.1、组件和容器

1、Frame

package com.wanan.lesson1;


import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //Frame 
        Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图行窗口");

        //设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(400,400);

        //设置窗口颜色 Color
        frame.setBackground(Color.black);

        //弹出的初始位置
        frame.setLocation(200,200);

        //设置大小固定
        frame.setResizable(false);

    }
}

首个GUI截图

问题： 发现窗口无法关闭只能停止程序运行

尝试回顾封装
package com.wanan.lesson1;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrame2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //展示多个窗口
        MyFrame MyFrame1 = new MyFrame(100,100,200,200,Color.black);
        MyFrame MyFrame2 = new MyFrame(300,100,200,200,Color.yellow);
        MyFrame MyFrame3 = new MyFrame(100,300,200,200,Color.red);
        MyFrame MyFrame4 = new MyFrame(300,300,200,200,Color.MAGENTA);
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    static int id = 0;//可能存在多个窗口,创建计数器

    public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
        super("Myframe" + (++id));
        setBackground(color);
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(x,y,w,h);


    }
}

回顾封装

2、面板Panel

解决关闭问题
package com.wanan.lesson1;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;

//Panel ， 可以看成是一个空间，但是不能单独存在
public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        //布局的概念
        Panel panel = new Panel();

        //设置布局
        frame.setLayout(null);

        //坐标
        frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(35, 210, 35));

        //panel设置坐标，想对于panel
        panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
        panel.setBackground(new Color(17, 238, 216,50));

        //frame.add(panel);
        frame.add(panel);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setResizable(false);

        //监听事件，监听窗口关闭事件 Syetem.exit(0)
        //适配器模式：
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            //窗口点击关闭时候需要做的事情
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                //结束程序
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

3、布局管理

  • 流式布局 FlowLayout

    package com.wanan.lesson1;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("组件小程序");

        //组件-按钮
        Button baton1 = new Button("baton1");
        Button baton2 = new Button("baton2");
        Button baton3 = new Button("baton3");

        //设置为流式布局
        //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setSize(200,200);
        
        //把按钮添加上去
        frame.add(baton1);
        frame.add(baton2);
        frame.add(baton3);


    }
}

  • 东南西北中 Border

    package com.wanan.lesson1;

import com.sun.org.apache.bcel.internal.generic.NEW;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestBorderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");

        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("West");
        Button south = new Button("South");
        Button north = new Button("North");
        Button center = new Button("Center");

        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setSize(200,200);
    }
}

  • 表格布局 Grid

    package com.wanan.lesson1;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestGridLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout");

        Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
        Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
        Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
        Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
        Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
        frame.add(btn1);
        frame.add(btn2);
        frame.add(btn3);
        frame.add(btn4);
        frame.add(btn5);
        frame.add(btn6);

        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }
}
课程DEMO
package com.wanan.lesson1;

import java.awt.*;

public class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("Demo");
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setSize(300,400);
        frame.setLocation(300,400);
        frame.setBackground(Color.yellow);
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
        //4个面板
        Panel panel1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel panel2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        Panel panel3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel panel4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));

        panel1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        panel1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        panel2.add(new Button("p2-btn-1"));
        panel2.add(new Button("p2-btn-2"));
        panel1.add(panel2,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        panel3.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        panel3.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            panel4.add(new Button("p4-btn-"+i));
        }
        panel3.add(panel4,BorderLayout.CENTER);



        frame.add(panel1);
        frame.add(panel3);
    }
}

截图_2020-08-11_00-00-36

总结

1，Frame是一个顶级的窗口

2,Panel无法单独显示，必须添加到某个容器中。

3，布局管理器：

  1. 流式
  2. 东西南北中
  3. 表格

4，大小，定位，背景颜色，可见性，监听！

4、事件监听

事件监听：当某某个事情发生的时候，干什么？

按钮监听事件DEMO
package com.wanan.lisson2;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestActionEvent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //按下按钮触发一些事件
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button("输出aaa");

        //因为addActionListener()需要一个ActionListener，所以我们需要构造一个ActionListener
        MyActionListener MyActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(MyActionListener);

        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.pack();
        windowClose(frame);
    }
    //关闭窗口事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

//按钮监听事件
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("aaa");
    }
}
多个按钮，共享一个事件
package com.wanan.lisson2;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestActionEvent02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //两个按钮实现同一个监听
        //开始 停止
        Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止-DEMO");
        Button start = new Button("开始");
        Button stop = new Button("停止");

        //可以显示的定义触发会返回的命令，如果不显示定义，则会走默认的值！
        //可以多个按钮只写一个监听类
        start.setActionCommand("START");
        stop.setActionCommand("STOP");
        MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
        start.addActionListener(myMonitor);
        stop.addActionListener(myMonitor);

        frame.add(start,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(stop,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
        windowClose(frame);

    }
    //关闭窗口事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

//按钮监听事件
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //e.getActionCommand(); 获取按钮的信息
        System.out.println("按钮被点击了：msg=> "+e.getActionCommand());
        if (e.getActionCommand().equals("START")){
            System.out.println("命令Start开启成功");
        }
    }
}

5、输入框TextField 监听

package com.wanan.lisson2;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestText01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //启动！
        new MyFrame();
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);

        //监听这个文本框输入的文字
        MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
//        按下回车就会触发输入框事件
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);
//        设置编码
        textField.setEchoChar('*');

        setVisible(true);
        setSize(200,200);
    }
}

class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
       TextField fieid = (TextField) e.getSource();//获得一些资源,返回了一个对象
        System.out.println(fieid.getText());//获得输入框中的文本
        fieid.setText("");//null ""

    }
}

6、简易计算器、组合+内部类回顾学习

op原则：组合>继承

class A extend B{
    
}

class A {
    public B b;
}
代码Demo
package com.wanan.lisson2;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
   new Calculator();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{

    public Calculator(){

//        三个文本框，一个按钮，一个标签
        TextField number1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        TextField number2 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        TextField number3 = new TextField(20);//字符数\

        Button btn = new Button("=");
        btn.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(number1,number2,number3));

        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(number1);
        add(label);
        add(number2);
        add(btn);
        add(number3);

        setVisible(true);
        pack();

        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });

    }

}
//监控类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    //获取三个变量

    private TextField number1,number2,number3;

    public MyCalculatorListener(TextField number1,TextField number2,TextField number3) {
        this.number1 = number1;
        this.number2 = number2;
        this.number3 = number3;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
       //1,获得加数和被加数
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(number1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(number2.getText());

        //2，将这个值加法运算后放到第三个框
        number3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        //3,清楚前两个框
        number1.setText("");
        number2.setText("");
    }
}
完全改造为面向对象写法，并且优化输入非数字报错！
package com.wanan.lisson2;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
   new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;
    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){

//        三个文本框，一个按钮，一个标签
         num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
         num2 = new TextField(10);
         num3 = new TextField(20);//字符数
        Button btn = new Button("=");
        Label label = new Label("+");
        btn.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this));


        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(btn);
        add(num3);

        setVisible(true);
        pack();

        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });

    }

}
//监控类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    //获取计算器这个对象,在一个类里面组合另外一个类;
    Calculator calculator = null;

    public MyCalculatorListener(Calculator calculator) {
     this.calculator = calculator;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed (ActionEvent e) {
       //1,获得加数和被加数
        try {
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
            //2，将这个值加法运算后放到第三个框
            calculator.num3.setText("" + (n1 + n2));
            //3,清楚前两个框
            calculator.num1.setText("");
            calculator.num2.setText("");
        }catch (NumberFormatException e1){
            calculator.num3.setText("请输入整形数字！");
            calculator.num1.setText("");
            calculator.num2.setText("");
        }
    }
}

内部类：

  • 更好的包装

    package com.wanan.lisson2;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
   new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
    //属性
    TextField num1, num2, num3;

    //方法
    public void loadFrame() {

//        三个文本框，一个按钮，一个标签
        num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(20);//字符数
        Button btn = new Button("=");
        Label label = new Label("+");
        btn.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());


        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(btn);
        add(num3);

        setVisible(true);
        pack();

        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }

    //监控类
    private class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener {
        //获取计算器这个对象,在一个类里面组合另外一个类;
/*        Calculator calculator = null;

        public MyCalculatorListener() {
            this.calculator = calculator;
        }*/


        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            //1,获得加数和被加数
            try {
                int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
                int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
                //2，将这个值加法运算后放到第三个框
                num3.setText("" + (n1 + n2));
                //3,清楚前两个框
                num1.setText("");
                num2.setText("");
            } catch (NumberFormatException e1) {
                num3.setText("请输入整形数字！");
                num1.setText("");
                num2.setText("");
            }
        }
    }
}

7、画笔

package com.wanan.lesson3;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint().load();
    }

}
class MyPaint extends Frame{

    public void load(){
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(200,200,600,500);
    }
    //画笔
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //super.paint(g);
//        画笔，需要有颜色，画笔可以画画
       // g.setColor(Color.red);
       // g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
        g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);//实心的园

        //g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
        g.fillRect(150,200,200,200);

        //养成习惯，画笔用完，将它还原到最初的颜色
    }
}

8、鼠标监听

目的：想要实现鼠标画画！

package com.wanan.lesson3;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.awt.peer.MouseInfoPeer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

//测试鼠标监听
public class TestHouseListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Myframe("画图");
    }
}
class Myframe extends Frame{
    //画画需要画笔，需要监听鼠标当前位置，需要集合来存储这个点
 ArrayList points;

    public Myframe(String title){
    super(title);
    setBounds(200,200,400,300);
    //存鼠标点击的点
       points =  new ArrayList<>();

        setVisible(true);

        //鼠标监听器
        this.addMouseListener(new MymouseListener());
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画画，需要监听鼠标事件
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();

        while (iterator.hasNext()){
           Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
           g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
           g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
        }
    }
    //添加一个点到界面上
     public void addPaint(Point point){
        points.add(point);
}

    //适配器模式
    private class MymouseListener extends MouseAdapter {
        //鼠标 按下 弹起 按住不放
        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
            Myframe frame = (Myframe) e.getSource();

            //这个我们点击的时候就会在页面产生一个点！
            //这个点就是鼠标的点
            frame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));

            //每次点击鼠标都需要重画一遍
            frame.repaint();//刷新

        }
    }
}

9、窗口监听

package com.wanan.lesson3;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindownFrame("窗口监听");
    }
}

class WindownFrame extends Frame{
TextField text1;
    public WindownFrame(String Frame){
        super(Frame);
        setVisible(true);
        setBackground(Color.BLUE);
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        text1 = new TextField();
        add(text1);

        this.addWindowListener(
                //匿名内部类
                new WindowAdapter() {
                    //关闭窗口
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("windowClosing");
                System.exit(0);
            }
            //激活窗口
            @Override
            public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                WindownFrame source = (WindownFrame) e.getSource();
                source.setTitle("傻子刚刚在看啥去了？");
                text1.setText("傻子刚刚在看啥去了？");
            }
        });
    }

   /* class MywindownListener extends WindowAdapter{
        @Override
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
            setVisible(false);//隐藏窗口,通过按钮隐藏窗口
            System.exit(0);//正常退出
        }
    }*/
}

10、键盘监听

package com.wanan.lesson3;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.io.File;

//键盘
public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFram();
    }
}
class KeyFram extends Frame{
    public KeyFram(){
        setBounds(1,2,300,400);
        setVisible(true);

        this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            //键盘按下
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                int KeyCode = e.getKeyCode();
                System.out.println(KeyCode);//不需要去记录这个值，直接使用这个静态属性 VK_XXX
                //获得键盘按下的是哪个
                if (KeyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP) {
                    System.out.println("按下了上键");
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

2、Swing

2.1、窗口 面板

package com.wanan.lesson4;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JFrameDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Myjframe().init();
    }
}
class Myjframe extends JFrame{
    public void init(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(10,10,200,200);
        //设置文字
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("这是一个test");
        this.add(jLabel);

        //让我们的文本居中
        jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        //获得一个容器
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        contentPane.setBackground(Color.BLUE);
    }
}

标签居中

jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

2.2、弹窗 JDialog

JDialog，用来弹出一个窗口，默认携带窗口关闭事件！

package com.wanan.lesson4;

import javax.accessibility.AccessibleContext;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {

    public DialogDemo(){
    this.setVisible(true);
    this.setSize(700,500);
    this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    //JFrame
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        //绝对布局
        contentPane.setLayout(null);

        //按钮
        JButton jbutton = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");
        jbutton.setBounds(30,30,200,50);

        jbutton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                //弹窗
                new MyDialog();
            }
        });
        //点击这个按钮弹窗
        contentPane.add(jbutton);
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DialogDemo();
    }
}
//弹窗的窗口
class MyDialog extends JDialog{
    public MyDialog() {
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);

        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        //contentPane.setLayout(null);
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("这是一个弹窗");
        jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        this.add(jLabel);

    }
}
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